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What is inflammation? What is acute inflammation? What is chronic inflammation? What are inflammation markers?
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Inflammation is the body's response to injury or infection it can be classified as either acute or chronic.
Acute inflammation is the initial inflammatory response it occurs almost immediately after minor injuries like burns and cuts as well as major trauma such as myocardial infarction (MI).
Acute inflammation results in the healing of the tissue when the injury or infection is removed. Symptoms include redness, swelling, heat, pain and stiffness in the affected area.
Chronic inflammation or prolonged inflammation may follow acute inflammation or exist independently.
Chronic inflammation is a continuous process for example tissue breakdown and repair attempts that often results in scarring and tissue destruction.
Chronic inflammation can arise after bacterial infection or as a result of an autoimmune disease. In autoimmune diseases, the inflammatory response is triggered when there are no stimuli and the immune system attacks itself.
Extra protein is often released from the site of inflammation these proteins can be readily detected in the bloodstream and are therefore referred to as inflammatory markers.
Perhaps the most commonly used marker of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP).
C-reactive protein (CRP) is synthesised in the liver and despite being a minor plasma protein levels are dramatically increased within 6 hours after the onset of inflammation. The final increase can sometimes be as much as 60-fold furthermore CRP is much more specific than some of the other commonly used markers of inflammation such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
In significant bacterial infections CRP levels are unusual below 10mg/L except in neonates where 10-40mg/L typically represents mild inflammation; levels between 40-200mg/L represent significant acute inflammation or bacterial infection. In burns or serious bacterial infection levels may rise to 300mg/L or higher.
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