Sunday, March 8, 2026

万礼北火化场: 走进万礼北火化场 在光影绿意中与生死和解 2026-03-08

走入建筑

*走进万礼北火化场 在光影绿意中与生死和解*

2025年启用的万礼北火化场,由建筑师洪淑娉率领团队操刀,采用当代建筑设计语言,褪去种族与宗教色彩,以纯粹的空间抚慰人心。追思、目送、火化三大空间设于同一水平线,实现棺木自动化移动。建筑融入亲自然设计,将绿意引入各层空间,光影透过玻璃天窗洒落,在生机环绕中舒缓哀伤。这座为生死交界而建的空间,让道别变得轻盈而有温度。

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2026-03-08
联合早报
林方伟报道
limfw@sph.com.sg
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徐步踏入万礼北火化场七号追思仪式厅,建筑师洪淑娉(Pauline Ang)轻声问记者:“感觉如何?喜欢吗?”

  很少人会被问到喜不喜欢追思厅。通常心情悲痛的亲友,也不太会细思喜不喜欢他们与亲人最后道别的空间。记者站在追思厅中央,循着玻璃天窗抬头仰望——午后的阳光透过垂帘绿枝映照进来,柔和地照亮了室内淡色枫木座椅。此时,心头的沉重感缓缓消散,取而代之的是如释重负的轻盈。记者有点意外听到自己的声音在说:“我喜欢这空间。”

  万礼北火化场(Mandai North Crematorium)与骨灰撒土园静心园(Garden of Serenity)2025年8月15日启用,总设施占地2.4公顷。火化场有六个追思仪式厅与相连的瞻望室,供亲友在此目送逝者最后一程;场内另有18个火葬设施。

  2004年落成的万礼火化场,与新建的万礼北火化场毗邻而立。随着我国人口老化,每年的死亡人数预计将从2024年2万5000名增至2040年4万名,两所火化场同时投入运营,是必要之策。

  万礼北火化场于2017年6月动工,建筑设计由本地CPG集团负责。该集团的历史可追溯至1833年的前公共工程局(Public Works Department),2004年落成的万礼火化场同样由其操刀。率领此次设计的,是CPG咨询公司设计与研究工作室总监洪淑娉(49岁),她跟进万礼北工程长达十年之久。

  记者总认为,葬礼仪式是为抚平生者的哀伤而办。但建筑师洪淑娉把视角拉得更远、放得更广:“火葬场可视为人生建筑的最终章。这空间服务的不只是生者,更包含死者——既是终点,也是边界——一个生与死的边境,让活人好好道别。建筑师在设计时,必须兼顾慰藉生者的哀痛,同时给予逝者最后的尊严。”

消除火化场的工厂形象

  配合万礼北火化场的落成,CPG出版专书《如何建成万礼北火化场》(The Making of Mandai North Crematorium),毕业自美国哥伦比亚大学建筑硕士系的洪淑娉为书撰写了《怎么道别?火葬场的建筑学》(How to Say Goodbye: The Architecture of Crematoria)。她说,随着西方从土葬趋向火化,火化场作为一种崭新建筑形体,在20世纪初崛起。

  此“场”与“厂”其实只隔一线,洪淑娉将火化场的实际作用形容为“工厂式”(factory-like)操作:“回归本质,火化场的核心功能是火化遗骸的技术性流程。就建筑属性而言,它更像一座工厂,而非神圣之地。”如此实在的遣词,确实叫人心头一震。她说,为消除这形象,火化场后来融入追思仪式的空间,反映出人对生死的哲学思考。

  我国土地资源极有限,自1998年起规定土葬墓地使用期限最长为15年,以让出土地用于新墓地或其他开发。届时,政府将强制起坟,遗骸经火化或迁移后,改葬至私人骨灰塔。这项政策改变国人入土为安的传统思维,如今人们已普遍选择以火葬取代土葬。

  万礼北火化场现址最早建于1982年,当时专门火化移坟骨骸。该设施使用30年后拆除,五年后,万礼北火化场在原址动工。洪淑娉说,新一代火化场面向不同种族与信仰的人,为此得去掉种族与宗教色彩,采用当代建筑设计语言。

  洪淑娉指出,追思瞻仰、目送棺木自动移往焚化炉,象征逝者走完尘世最后一段路;当棺木消失在门后,即启动火化程序,这一流程是新加坡独有的。东西方与不同文化对看见火化的熊熊火焰持有不同态度——西方视火葬为残暴与非自然;但一些种族却视之为烈焰重生。

  随着新一代以更开放的视角看待死亡,人们不断重新探讨生者与死亡之间的距离,并以不同方式诠释。洪淑娉说,旧万礼火化场的目送房建于棺木移送廊上方,生者须俯视才能目送逝者走完最后一程;万礼北新设施的目送房与移送廊设于同一层,仅隔一层玻璃,让生者能以更近的距离,目送棺木进入焚化炉。

追思目送入炉在同一水平线

  在规划火化场空间时,洪淑娉透露,必须在同一栋建筑内为生者与逝者设计两条不同的流动路径。她将之称为“最后道别的编排”(choreographing the final farewell)。国家环境局推动棺木移动自动化,以减轻人力,为此棺木必须在同一个层面直线移进,追思、目送、入炉三大空间必须设在同一水平线上。

  送葬亲友有两条路径抵达追思仪式厅:开车的从底层2楼进入;乘坐租用巴士的在底层1楼下车,再乘扶梯或电梯直达1楼。灵车停泊于仪式厅外后,棺木将被移上自动导引车(automated guided vehicle,简称AGV)。建筑师将反光铁片嵌入柱子和座椅,让自动车通过发射与反光技术精准定位导航,引导棺木自行进入仪式厅、移送厅,最终抵达焚化炉。

  万礼北火化场依地势而建,火化设施因需要极高挑的空间,安排在场地最后最高的位置,既符合功能需求,也有效利用空间。空间按追思、目送、移送、火化等用途层层推进,铺陈出理性而简洁的动线,展现出新加坡式的高效。

  一个省烦从简、让人一目了然的空间,确实能让哀痛变得轻盈。然而,当生死的程序被科技外包,少了人的温度,对逝者亲属而言,或许过于冷冰冰。《联合早报》2025年8月22日曾刊登一篇报道,标题发人深省:“扫QR码领骨灰,太没人情味?”

大量引入绿植抚慰心灵

  洪淑娉指出,建筑团队与园林建筑公司Plantwerkz合作,注入大量亲自然设计,巧妙化解万礼北空间与环境的局限。火化场紧邻车水马龙的大马路与附近骨灰塔,团队便将植物与花园引入场内各层空间,打造出一个自成一格、豁然开朗的翠绿天地。

  此外,生机盎然的青葱绿意能抚慰人心,有助舒缓哀伤与紧绷的情绪。底层1楼等候区将座位设于下沉式花园周围,玻璃天窗引入充沛自然光。从电梯或电扶梯上到1楼,送殡者在通往仪式厅的路上,映入眼帘的是前方静心园的大片绿景。进入仪式厅,玻璃天窗上垂挂着绿枝叶,自然光洒落室内,仿佛温柔环抱着生者与逝者,慰藉着哀伤的心灵。

  亲自然的理念贯彻整个设施的设计细节。洪淑娉指出,建筑主体外观的石灰嵌板,刻入不规则的立体垂直线条,呼应建筑天窗上的垂吊植物。万礼北火化场与静心园,为公众提供非传统的环保下葬选择。她说,从鸟瞰视角,静心园的设计如叶子形状,分散在园内的撒骨灰小径,则取叶脉的生动意象铺展而成。四条小径蜿蜒其间,家属可任选一条,将逝者骨灰撒在卵石上,让骨灰自然渗入土中。

  绿叶的意象令人感触良多。落叶归根——人就像一片叶子,从生命之树飘落地上,回归到大自然后重生。

报道 ⊙林方伟

Saturday, March 7, 2026

Android app which is able to translate a Chinese YouTube video into English

Is there any android app which is able to translate a Chinese YouTube video into English?

Yes, several Android apps and tools can translate Chinese YouTube videos to English
. Top options include using the built-in YouTube app's auto-translate feature, AiDub: AI Video Translator, or web-based services like RecCloud and Vizard.ai, which offer AI-driven subtitles and dubbed voiceovers.
Top Methods for Android:
  • YouTube App (Auto-Translate): The most direct method. Open the video, tap the CC icon, go to Settings -> Subtitles -> Auto-translate, and select English.
  • AiDub: AI Video Translator: A dedicated Android app on the Google Play Store that supports translating audio, adding dubbing, and syncing lips for better viewing.
  • RecCloud (Web-based for Android): A highly effective, web-based tool that allows you to paste a YouTube link to generate English subtitles, including support for YouTube Shorts.
  • Vizard.ai & Maestra AI: These AI-powered tools specialize in translating, transcribing, and editing videos from Chinese to English with high accuracy.
  • Google Translate App: For real-time, less accurate translation, you can use the voice function to listen to the Chinese audio while playing it on your phone.
Alternative Options:
  • HeyGen: Provides advanced AI translation that preserves the speaker's voice.
  • "Translate on screen" apps: Various third-party apps on the Google Play Store can translate screen content in real-time.

J.I.A.K 99 is not a conventional restaurant, but rather an immersive "hawker food experience" centre located at the Singapore Flyer

J.I.A.K 99 is not a conventional restaurant, but rather an immersive "hawker food experience" centre located at the Singapore Flyer. It offers a 45–60 minute guided tour ($35/adult) exploring Singapore's culinary heritage, featuring interactive exhibits, food samplers in a traditional tiffin carrier, and a 20-seat cafe.
Key details about J.I.A.K 99:
  • Location: Singapore Flyer, 30 Raffles Ave., #01-12.
  • Experience: It combines a cultural tour with food, including interactive displays on local "kopi" (coffee) and cultural zones.
  • Dining: While not a typical restaurant, it serves food as part of the tour, and the venue includes a 20-seat cafe named Jalan Makan.
  • Concept: The name means to eat until you are full in Hokkien. It is designed to showcase Singapore's four main food cultures—Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Eurasian.
It is positioned as a tourist attraction and educational experience rather than a standalone eatery. 

Ministry of Health 卫生部华文名称改为“保健卫生部” 即时生效*

*Ministry of Health 卫生部华文名称改为“保健卫生部” 即时生效*

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社会政策统筹部长兼保健卫生部长王乙康,星期四(3月5日)在国会拨款委员会辩论保健卫生部开支预算时说,预防保健已成为卫生部的核心政策,因此他宣布部门更改华文名称,即时生效。
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保健卫生部英文名称Ministry of Health保持不变,新宣布也不涉及更改部门标志、网站等。
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2026-03-05

https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/singapore/story20260305-8681589?utm_source=android-share&utm_medium=app

联合早报社论 (2026-03-06):一道数学题解锁教育新方向

Education: A Math Question Unlocks a New Direction for Education

*A Math Question Unlocks a New Direction for Education*

Lianhe Zaobao Editorial (2026-03-06)

Translated by ChatGPT

https://www.zaobao.com.sg/forum/editorial/story20260306-8686877?utm_source=android-share&utm_medium=app

2026-03-06

Education Minister Desmond Lee on Tuesday posed a Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) math question to the members of Parliament during the Committee of Supply debate on the Ministry of Education’s budget. Besides triggering laughter in the chamber, it also sparked widespread attention online. This small episode vividly reflects how education has always been the topic that most tugs at the heartstrings of local parents or increases their stress.

Desmond Lee’s “question” in Parliament was in fact meant to illustrate that the level of difficulty of PSLE questions is carefully designed by experts. Even the small number of more difficult questions are designed to guide candidates toward solving them, and he hopes parents can be reassured.

The new education policies announced by Desmond Lee in Parliament revolve around the central theme of easing parents’ pressure and diluting the elite character of the education system. These include guiding parents away from chasing after prestigious schools, striving to enter gifted classes, or relying on tuition to meet examination assessments.

One of the new policies is that from 2027, the Ministry of Education will support primary school students with academic strengths to take after-school advanced modules. This will allow primary school students with different potentials to explore and develop their abilities, while the Gifted Education Programme, which has been implemented for more than 40 years, will become history in 2028. The Ministry of Education emphasized that the advanced modules are not meant to replicate the Gifted Education Programme, nor are they part of the national curriculum or examinations. Instead, they aim to allow students to freely explore innovative ideas without concerns about curriculum requirements or assessment pressure.

This is a milestone change in Singapore’s education system. While acknowledging that children have different talents, this approach removes labeling but continues to teach according to students’ aptitudes, and the student pool will also expand to further practice inclusiveness. According to the Ministry of Education, the 15 designated centers providing advanced education programs will be located in neighborhood schools across different parts of the island, making it convenient for primary school students nationwide to enroll nearby, instead of being concentrated in just a few “prestigious schools.” These centers can offer at least twice as many places as the Gifted Education Programme, providing more opportunities for students with stronger abilities from different social backgrounds to receive deeper and broader learning. The aim is to further help them cultivate curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking, and give them opportunities to participate in interdisciplinary modules during school holidays.

A series of reforms also focus on breaking the potential risk of social stratification becoming entrenched. These include reviewing the Primary 1 registration system to avoid excessive homogeneity in the backgrounds of students in schools located in private housing areas; opening more learning pathways so that more interested students can study Higher Chinese; significantly increasing the number of schools receiving additional resources to help more disadvantaged students; and expanding the number of places in special education schools.

In Singapore, education has always been an important pathway for changing the fate of individuals and families and for promoting social mobility. Therefore, the fairness and inclusiveness of the education system have repeatedly come under scrutiny. Facing the new era, rapidly changing new technologies such as artificial intelligence are bringing challenges to the learning and employment landscape, making parents even more anxious about their children’s education and further intensifying the phenomenon of an “education arms race.” Such worries have gradually evolved into anxiety over grades, scores, and academic performance. The mentality of “good is not good enough” and the fear of “not being good parents” have even affected the willingness of young couples to have children.

The overall fertility rate has hit record lows for many reasons, but the “education arms race,” which weighs heavily on parents’ minds, clearly deserves the attention of society as a whole. The thinking behind Singapore’s adjustments to education policy is not only to promote fairness and enable everyone to realize their talents, but also to respond concretely to this issue.

Adjustments to education policy are what the government can do at the rational level. As for how to face children’s education and learning paths and make psychological adjustments personally, that is the responsibility of parents. From a practical perspective, the process of education or learning may be difficult to be completely free of pressure. Many Chinese idioms express the spirit of diligent study in ancient times—from hanging one’s hair from a beam and pricking one’s thigh, to chiseling a hole in the wall to borrow light—all showing that learning must be accompanied by a spirit of self-discipline and determination. In an era of low birth rates, it is understandable that parents care more about their children’s academic performance, but it may also create unnecessary pressure for themselves and their children. Looking at it from another angle, if one believes that there is more than one path to happiness in life, and if learning is meant to satisfy a child’s own curiosity and interests, then pressure can also become a form of enjoyment.

Desmond Lee used a metaphor in his speech that young parents should listen to. He said that school results may be like a small boat that can take you out to sea, but when facing adversity, what helps you weather the storm is resilience; what helps you navigate the tides is adaptability; what helps you discover new horizons is creativity; and only interpersonal skills can allow others to journey alongside you. Indeed, success in life has a broad definition, far beyond the stage of being a gifted student or a graduate of a prestigious school during one’s school years. When parents broaden their horizons and relax their mindset, it is equivalent to helping their children find the limitless possible answers to a math question.

下午察:专家学者为何频频翻车


下午察:专家学者为何频频翻车?

https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/china/story20260306-8690554?utm_source=android-share&utm_medium=app

2026-03-06

美国和以色列上周联手对伊朗发动空袭,并在首日行动中“斩首”伊朗最高领袖哈梅内伊。这一突如其来的军事行动不仅震惊国际社会,也“打脸”了此前断言美国不敢对伊朗动武的部分专家和学者。

其中最受关注的专家之一是台湾政治学者郭正亮。他此前在电视节目中分析,美国在伊朗境内没有内应,根本无从打起,并反问“难道你要把总统和哈米尼(大陆称哈梅内伊)斩首吗?有意义吗?”

美国和以色列对伊朗发动空袭前,台湾政治学者郭正亮在电视节目中分析,美国在伊朗境内没有内应,根本无从打起。(自由时报)

郭正亮还说,即使开战,以色列也打不进去,因为以色列距离伊朗约1300公里;如果美国真的要打伊朗,就必须派出地面部队,而伊朗面积约160万平方公里、人口约9000万,美国至少需要投入五万名士兵才能形成像样的战局。

但没过多久,美国和以色列就在没有派遣地面部队的情况下,对伊朗发动空袭,包括哈梅内伊在内的多名高层身亡。现实几乎与郭正亮的判断完全相反。

尽管预测失准,郭正亮并未因此沉默。他随后在节目中称,哈梅内伊在空袭当天坚持到办公室上班,是为了“故意殉教”,以凝聚内部团结。郭正亮还说,美国对伊朗发射的战斧巡航导弹“最多只能打七天”。

这些说法很快引发网民吐槽,质疑他“每次预测都不准”“郭正亮的话还能信吗?”旅美台湾学者翁达瑞也讽刺称,郭正亮是个“奇才”,“预测反着看就一定对”。

现年64岁的郭正亮拥有美国耶鲁大学政治学博士学位,曾任民进党籍立法委员,目前是中国文化大学国际企业管理学系副教授、美丽岛电子报副董事长,同时是媒体评论人。从履历来看,他具备丰富的政治与学术背景,但类似的预测失误并非第一次出现。

例如去年11月,日本首相高市早苗发表“台湾有事”论后,郭正亮曾在自己的频道中批评高市“愚蠢”“在玩火”,并预测她的民调会“一路掉”。今年1月,高市宣布解散众议院重新改选时,他又判断自民党难以在选举中大胜,并直言高市“一定会出事”。

但最终结果却与他的预测相反:自民党在众议院选举中大胜,高市的支持度也持续保持高位。

类似情况也出现在美国与委内瑞拉关系紧张时期。郭正亮当时判断,美国不敢对委内瑞拉动武,但美军今年1月对委内瑞拉发动大规模军事行动,控制了委内瑞拉总统马杜罗及妻子,并将他们带到美国。

当时除了郭正亮,还有唐湘龙、栗正杰等多名政治立场亲蓝的“名嘴”认为,美国因为中美关系等因素,不可能对委内瑞拉采取军事行动。事后,他们因预测落空的言论被网民调侃为“中天11傻”(或称“蓝营名嘴11傻”)。

由于郭正亮、唐湘龙、栗正杰等多名“名嘴”断定美国不可能对委内瑞拉采取军事行动,因此在相关预测落空后,网民调侃他们为“中天11傻”。(互联网)

针对郭正亮等人屡次预测失准,民进党中国事务部批评,这些名嘴“刚好都错在同一个方向,也刚好符合中共想要的论述逻辑”。

民进党中国事务部认为,这种情况并非偶然,而可能形成一种传播模式:先在节目中抛出“看似内幕”的说法,再由社交平台剪辑扩散、“名嘴”接力解读,随后被大陆官媒或社交媒体放大为“台湾内部声音”,再回流台湾社会,引发新的舆论对立。

中国大陆也有学者翻车

而在对岸,同样有大陆学者在预测国际局势发展时出现判断失误。

在美以对伊朗发动空袭前,军事问题专家李莉曾说,伊朗政权根基稳如磐石,哈梅内伊的安保体系经过数十年打造,几乎无懈可击,美国根本没胆量对伊朗核心高层动手。她还声称,只要美国敢攻击伊朗,伊朗可在半小时内消灭以色列。

在美以对伊朗发动空袭前,军事问题专家李莉曾说,只要美国敢攻击伊朗,伊朗可在半小时内消灭以色列。(李莉抖音视频截图)

李莉是中国人民解放军国防大学教授,也经常以军事评论员身份出现在中央电视台等官媒上。尽管拥有这样的专业背景,她在国际局势判断上的失误并非首次。

早在2022年俄乌战争刚爆发时,李莉就曾在节目中断言,俄罗斯将发动“闪电战”,72小时内拿下基辅,总统泽连斯基只能连夜出逃,乌克兰最多撑不过一周。

不过,现实发展却与这一判断大相径庭。俄乌冲突持续至今已近四年,所谓的“闪电战”演变为长期消耗战;俄军未能迅速取得决定性胜利,而乌克兰政权也并未崩溃。

由于类似预测多次落空,部分网民开始调侃李莉是“国际局势反向风向标”,网上甚至出现所谓“李莉定律”,即她预测的结果往往与现实相反。

除了李莉,在这次关于美国是否会对伊朗动手的讨论中,另两名大陆知名学者沈逸和金灿荣也被指“预测翻车”。

网传视频显示,复旦大学国际政治系教授沈逸在一档节目中从军事、社会等多个角度分析美国为何不会攻打伊朗,并形容伊朗在面对美国压力时的心态是“我为啥要屈服,我凭啥要屈服,我屈服个毛线啊”。

在美以对伊朗发动军事行动后,有网民将相关视频片段上传至B站,并配上“沈逸教授:美国为什么不敢打伊朗”的标题。这个视频截图随后在社媒广泛传播,“沈逸预测”一度登上热搜,引起网民讽刺“教授每次的准确预测真是惊为天人,我们有如此国师真的很感动”。

在美以对伊朗发动军事行动后,一则标题为“沈逸教授:美国为什么不敢打伊朗”的B站视频截图广为传播,让“沈逸预测”一度登上热搜。(互联网)

对此,沈逸星期一(3月2日)在微博回应称,他在节目中“不是在预测会不会打,而是在分析打与不打的利弊”。他批评相关视频切片“纯粹靠不是我说的标题”,就让他“被标题带节奏”,并称网上存在不同观点很正常,但基于错误甚至虚构事实的人身攻击并不正当。

同日,中国人民大学国际关系学院教授金灿荣也在微博发文称:“这两天外网和国内的一些自媒体造谣,说我说了这些话。这些人脸都不要了。”

配图显示,有网民在社交平台X发文指金灿荣称“美国若打伊朗将陷入泥潭,大选前绝不敢全面开战”。

沈逸随后转发金灿荣的微博,表示自己的情况也类似,“被弄了个切片按了个我没说过的标题,然后就一堆账号对着标题高潮了”。金灿荣回复说:“每到这个时候,就有一帮狗特务和‘殖人’(中国网络用语,类似‘汉奸’的意思)兴风作浪。”

专家“网红化”

从沈逸和金灿荣的案例可以看出,学者“翻车”的原因除了确实存在的误判之外,也有不少情况是网民断章取义、过度解读甚至恶搞之后造成的乌龙或“假新闻”。

这一现象之所以频繁出现,或许与近年来专家学者逐渐“网红化”有关。随着互联网平台的发展,学者不再只通过传统媒体发声,也开始经营视频账号、直播或个人博客,频繁就国际局势发表看法,并在网上积累了一批观众和粉丝。

在这种环境下,无论他们真正说了什么,还是网络认为他们说过什么,都很容易被迅速放大。

而争议一旦出现,舆论场往往迅速分化。支持者认为,国际局势本就复杂多变,没人能做到百分之百准确预测;但批评者则指出,这些人既然以“专家”身份公开评论,观点势必影响公众对国际局势的理解,因此调侃与批评并不等同于网暴,而是舆论监督的一部分。既然享受头衔带来的权威与流量,他们也应承担相应的公共责任。

还有观点认为,一些学者已经把严肃的军事或国际评论做成迎合情绪的“流量内容”,在表达时不再完整呈现复杂背景,而是选择更容易传播、也更容易引发情绪的判断,甚至刻意抛出极端观点制造话题。

从台湾和中国大陆的网络讨论来看,也有人认为,像郭正亮和李莉等学者在分析国际局势时,往往沿着“亲北京”“反美”的固定叙事展开,本身带有明显立场,因此更容易迎合持相似观点的受众,借此吸引关注、博取流量。正如一些网民所调侃的:“黑红也是红,只要红了就有钱赚。”

在信息爆炸的时代,公众原本期待学者能以理性对抗盲从、以专业澄清偏见。但在愈发对立的舆论环境中,许多人往往先看立场、再看事实。若学者也不断“网红化”,顺着政治风向发声,学术背景就可能沦为政治表演的道具,判断问题不再比证据,而是比谁更会煽动情绪。在流量为王的当下,未来恐怕只会有越来越多“网红”学者翻车。只是,每一次翻车,他们也在一次次消耗着自己的学术声誉。